ENVIRONMENTAL MPACT ASSESMENT REPORT

Tarehe ya kuwekwa: April 1st, 2024

ENVIRONMENTAL    IMPACT  ASSESMENT REPORT   FOR  THE  PROPOSED   UPGRADING   OF THE  URBAN  ROADS  (9.5KM) TO BITUMEN   STANDARD   LOCATED  AT MJIMWEMA,   MISUFINI,   MATARAWE AND  MJINI  WARDS   IN SONGEA  MUNICIPALITY,   SONGEA   DISTRICT,   RUVUMA REGION

FINAL REPORT

SUBMITTED TO:The National Environment Management Council (NEMC)Regent Estate, Plot No. 29/30P.O. Box 63154, Dar es salaam , TanzaniaTel: +255 (22) 2774889 or +255(022)2774852Fax: +255 22 2774901E-mail: secretarydg@nemc.or.tz ; dg@nemc.or.tzCONSULTANT:                                                                                                                                       DEVELOPER Consulting Engineers and PlannersP.O Box 2820Dar Es Salaam, TanzaniaTel: +255 22 278 0183/0742Fax: +255 22 278 1194Email: admin@norplan.co.tz

SONGEA MUNICIPAL COUNCILP. O Box 14, SONGEATEL: +025 2602970FAX: 025 2602474EMAIL: info@songeamc.go.tzSUBMITTED ON: 20th/OCTOBER/2023

 Executive SummaryProject Title The title of this project is “Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the Proposed Upgrading of The CBD Roads (9.5km) To Bitumen Standard in Songea Municipality, Ruvuma Region.Name of the proponent and contactPermanent Secretary, President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, Government City, Mtumba,  P.O. Box 1923,  41185 Dodoma, Tanzania Name and addresses of the Environmental Firm conducting this studyNORPLAN COMPANY LIMITEDConsulting Engineers and PlannersP.O Box 2820Dar Es Salaam, TanzaniaTel: +255 22 278 0183/0742Fax: +255 22 278 1194Email: admin@norplan.co.tzProject BackgroundThe Government of the United Republic of Tanzania through The President’s Office - Regional Administration and Local Development (PO-RALG) has received a credit from the Word Bank towards in implementing projects-financed Tanzania Cities Transforming Infrastructure and Competitiveness Project (TACTIC), which will be, implemented through the President’s Office - Regional Administration and Local Development (PO-RALG).NORPLAN Tanzania Ltd was awarded the contract by PO-RALG to conduct; Feasibility Study, Urban Design, Detailed Engineering Design, Environmental and Social Due Diligence, Preparation of Cost Estimates and Bidding Documents for Urban Infrastructure Investments for Songea Municipal Council. Songea is among four (4) Municipalities under TACTIC-Zone 3; others include Sumbawanga, Morogoro and Mbeya.The good road network for the transportation of goods and passengers within the Municipality shall contribute to the social and economic development. Roadwork under TACTIC project Zone “3” in Songea Municipal shall involve the Upgrading the 9.5km urban roads to Bitumen standard. Upgrading of the roads will facilitate in improvement of infrastructures in Songea Municipality, enhance connectivity with other roads, increase accessibility to schools, public facilities and businesses at Songea urban area which is currently hampered by poor roads conditions especially during the rainy seasons. Implementation of selected urban roads shall facilitate safer and timely movement of the people and vehicles from their destinations to various areas within the Municipality. TACTIC Project’s ObjectivesThe objective of the proposed TACTIC project is to strengthen urban management performance and deliver improved basic infrastructure and services in participating urban local government authorities. At its core, the project aims to promote economic development of Tanzania’s cities and towns and its enabling infrastructure. Investments and technical assistance under the project are intended to promote urban development that is productive, inclusive and resilient. The project will support 45 urban Local Government Associations (LGAs) spread geographically across all regions of Tanzania, ranging in population from 26,402 to 416,442 (2012), divided into three tiers based on population and growth rate.

Subproject’s Objective The objective urban infrastructure upgrading “Roads” is to increase percentage of good roads within the Municipality roads’ network which seeks to ensure a balanced distribution of economic resources for total socio-economic growth within Songea Municipality.Scope of the study The Consultant was required to conduct environmental and social impact assessment for the proposed upgrading of urban roads subproject. To review all available and relevant documents, maps, previous studies if any, and conduct the environmental and social impact assessment study, field visit and investigations, public consultations and other related works to meet the stated objectives. The assignment encompassed development of a comprehensive ESIA study which includes ESMP to be implemented by the contractor during the subprojects’ implementation.The consultant was also required to prepare the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Upgrading of urban roads with the most recent and accurate information on the:i.Proposed resettlement and its impacts on displaced persons and other adversely affected groups; andii.Legal issues affecting resettlement.The ESIA study was carried out in accordance with ToRs (Appendix I) that is in accordance with the requirements of the applicable national legislations and World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework (ESF).The Environmental Impact Assessment has been conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Environment Management Act No.20 of 2004 and Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations of 2005 and the Amendments of 2018. Other important legal provisions providing guidance on environmental issues pertaining to road sector, such as the Road Act (2007), Environmental Code of Practice for Road works (2008), and Environmental Assessment and Management  Guidelines  in  the  Road  Sector  (2004)  have  been  used  in  the undertaking of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. This report presents the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed upgrading of 9.5km roads’ sections in Songea MunicipalityMethodologyThe methodology employed in conducting the study is in line with the Environment Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005 as amended in 2018, GN No.349 of 2005. The study was undertaken based on the checklists developed by NORPLAN Limited for guiding ESIA for roads projects.A multi-disciplinary team of experienced environmentalist, social and RAP expert was assembled to carry out the required resource assessment, generation of baseline data, determination of potential impacts and recommendation of mitigation measures. An interactive approach among the environmental team members and other project professionals was adopted.Boundaries of the ESIA StudyThe study has considered two critical impact zones that define the special boundaries of the project, these are;The core impact zone - include the area immediately bordering the project considered to be 100m width from the centre line of each proposed road.The zone of influence - which includes the wider geographical area within Songea Municipal Council Structure of the Report;Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter provides the general overview of the project including how the project background and justification, objectives and scope of the study and methodology used for conducting the study.Chapter 2: Project Description: This chapter details the project components and further outlines activities and materials used in all phases of the project i.e. (mobilization, construction and operation and decommissioning). Chapter 3: Policy, Legal & Institutional Framework: This chapter provides details of important policies, acts and regulations that govern the project. Chapter 4: Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions: This chapter elaborates the project influence area and boundaries. It also describes the baseline / existing conditions of the study area.Chapter 5: Stakeholders Identification and Analysis: Chapter five explains how the stakeholders were involved during the ESIA process and presents their concerns regarding the project.Chapter 6: Identification and Assessment of Impacts and Project Alternatives Identification: This chapter discusses environmental and social impacts associated with the project analyzed according to impacts significance as well as alternative projects that are more suitable to the proposed one while serving the same purpose.Chapter 7: Environmental & Social Management Plan: The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) presents how the identified impacts during all project phases will be managed to avoid, minimize or offset any adverse significant impacts of the proposed development. Chapter8: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan elaborates how the implementation of the ESMP will be monitored throughout the phases of the project. It is a plan to monitor the efficiency of the proposed project mitigation measures.Chapter 9: Cost Benefit Analysis: In this chapter, the Environmental cost benefit analysis is assessed in terms of the negative versus positive impacts. The potential benefits of the project, in terms of financial and social benefit are substantial.Chapter 10 Decommissioning: This chapter presents the activities involved when the proposed project is no longer operational and potential impacts to be managed.Chapter 11: Summary and ConclusionsSummary and conclusion summarize findings concerning how feasible, viable and environmentally acceptable the project is and provides recommendations to the proponent on the feasibility of the project

 Project LocationSongea Municipal Council is one of the 8 Ruvuma Regional Councils. The proposed roads located within Misufini ward, Mfaranyaki ward, Matarawe ward and Mjini ward in Songea municipal, Ruvuma RegionProject DescriptionCurrently all roads are earth roads comprising 7.3 kilometres except for Kilimomseto – Mjimwema – Lizaboni Road which cover 2.2 kilometers which is of bitumen standard. However, it has cracks and many potholes. Roads’ side drains have malfunctioned require attention. As for this time, it is expected that activities for the roads’s subproject shall be carried out in four (4) stages i.e., Designing, Construction, Operation and Decommissioning.Conditions of Existing RoadsGenerally, the proposed roads were on moderate condition which can be passable but there were challenges during the rainy seasonal such as over fall by storm water, road erosion and extreme slippery. Mostly of proposed roads have narrow carriage way with no side drains. Within the RoWs of proposed roads there are other infrastructures such as TANESCO distribution poles, TTCL distribution poles, SOUWASA pipelines and Television cables. Key Components of the Proposed Roads’ Subprojects A summary of the key components of the proposed roads’ subproject is described below. It should be noted at the outset that the exact specifications of the proposed subproject’s components will be determined during the detailed engineering design phase.Carriage WayShouldersPedestrian WalkwaysStorm water DrainsBridgesOutlet DitchesSide DitchesRoad Side Parking LotsCulvertsT/Y JunctionsBus BaysRoad Signs and Crossings Road LightsConstruction camps and any other supporting infrastructureLand Acquisition Upgrading of proposed roads shall be done within existing routes. The roads are within Municipal Roads’ Reserves. Compensation and Resettlement IssuesThere is neither both compensation and resettlement expected to occur for residential nor commercial houses during implementations of the proposed upgrading of CBD roads Section (9.5Km) road project.

Project Schedule and LifeSite preparation for the proposed upgrading of CBD roads Section (9.5Km) road project is expected to start soon after approval of all related studies, engineering designs and environmental clearance and construction tender award in early 2022. The subproject life is expected to be 20 years.Estimated Project CostThe proposed upgrading of CBD roads (9.5Km) subproject construction is estimated to cost approximately TShs 10.3 billion, this includes the cost for construction, purchasing materials, labor cost and all miscellaneous expenses subjected in the implementation of the project. The project is wholly funded by the Tanzanian government through loan from World Bank.Project CycleDuring project planning phase only, paper works are involved as summarized below:•Evaluation of subproject’s concepts and alternatives selection;•Design of all subproject components;•Topographic survey; •Geo-technical Investigations;•Soils and Materials Investigations;•Carrying out RAP for the affected people (with completion note);•Carrying out ESIA of the subproject;•Carrying out the ESMP for the roads’ subproject•Compensations and Land Tenure;•Tendering for construction works;•Approval of Engineering designs and Environmental CertificationBelow is a summary of activities during mobilization and construction phase of the proposed project; •Site clearance and construction of campsite•Implementation of the RAP •Installation of temporary security fence at the camp sites, site office and storage facilities•Acquisition of materials from a reliable sources and storage•Testing of the construction materials •Acquisition of other permits such as water use permits•Confirmation of data and accuracy of topographical survey•Mobilization of labour force, equipment and plant for construction works•Relocation of utilities,•Earthworks •Material transportation and storage•Abstraction and transportation of water to the construction site•Collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of wastes generated from construction activities•Actual construction works •Occupational health and safety management•Landscaping and environmental restoration.Once the construction phase is completed, the roads will start to operate to serve the intended purposes.  The activities that are expected to be executed during operational phase include:•Transportation of goods, agriculture produce and services •Traffic management •Road and Facilities maintenanceDue to consistent use of the roads during operational phase there will be a routine roads’ maintenance as the results of wear and tear of the roads that will affect quality. Among others, the maintenance works will include:•Repainting or roads’ marks and signs•Repairing cracks on the structures (culverts, roadside drains),•Routine maintenance of traffic/road lightsRelevant policies and Legislation Several relevant policies and legal documents have been reviewed to ensure that “Proposed Upgrading of The CBD Roads (9.5km) To Bitumen Standard at Songea Municipal meets policy and legislative criteria. World Bank Policies World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework and its components [Vision for Sustainable Development, World Bank Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing, and Environmental and Social Standards]. •Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts•Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labour and Working Conditions•Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management•Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety•Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement•Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources•Environmental and Social Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities•Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage•Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information DisclosureThe Applicable Sectorial Policies and Law include: The National Environmental Policy, 1997; The National Land Policy, 1995; The National Gender Policy, 2002; The National Investment Promotion Policy, 1996; The National Water Policy, 2002; Construction Industry Policy (2003) Environmental Code of Practice for Road Works (2009); Road Sector Compensation and Resettlement Guidelines (2009) The National Health Policy, 2003; The Environmental Management Act, No. 20 of 2004; The Local Government (Urban Authorities), Cap 288, RE. 2002; The Regional and District Act, No. 9 of 1997; The Water Supply and Sanitation Act, No. 12 of 2009; The Land Act, No. 4 of 1999;  The Urban Planning Act, No. 8 of 2007; The Occupational Health and Safety Act, No. 5 of 2003; The Employment and Labour Relations Act, No. 6 of 2004; The Public Health Act, No. 1 of 2009; The Fire and Rescue Force Act, No 14 of 2007; The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, No. 28 of 2008; The Water Resources Management Act No.11 of 2009; The Land Use Planning Act, No. 6 of 2007; The Road Act, No. 13 of 2007; The Standards Act, No. 2 of 2009;  The Engineers Registration Act, No. 15 of 1997; The Contractors Registration Act, No. 17 of 1997; and The Environmental (Solid Waste Management) Regulations, 2009.International ConventionsThe International Conventions/Treaties to be reviewed include:(i)International Convention on Trade of Endangered Species (CITES);(ii)Convention on Biological Diversity (1996); and (iii)United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (1997);(iv)Basel Convention on Control on the Trans-Boundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and Disposal.Project Stakeholders and their Involvement in the study Process Stakeholder consultation is necessary to be conducted during ESIA study because the impacts of the proposed developments may influence the surrounding in one way or another. It is therefore, compulsory to seek the opinions of the relevant stakeholders in relation to the development of the proposed sub-project. World Bank ESS10 and Section 89 of the Environmental Management Act (EMA, 2004) provides directives on public participation and its importance in the ESIA. Regulation 17 of the EIA Regulations (URT, 2005) provides further details and procedures for public participation in the ESIA process.Stakeholder engagement enhances the effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability of the ESIA process and the project as required by Stakeholders Engagement Plan (SEP). When undertaken in a transparent, balanced manner, it can reduce conflicts and strengthen the sense of ownership of a project and the project’s sustainabilityThe main stakeholders for upgrading of proposed urban infrastructure during 1st Round Consultations under TACTIC Project in Songea Municipality included; •Ruvuma region and Songea Municipal (Regional Secretariat and Municipal Council),Government public agencies/institutions (TARURA, TANESCO, SUOWASA, TTCL, Fire and rescue force, Ruvuma and Southern Coast River basin)•Wards and mitaa committees•Communities along the proposed roads•Non-Governmental Organizations (Bus Companies, Students, women, Community groups, People with Disabilities (SHIVYIWATA) and other agencies like religious institutions)Some summaries of Issues raised by different stakeholders includes•TTCL will cooperate in these TACTIC sub projects to give detailed information and location of the telecommunication infrastructures•There should be bus bays around the schools and the streets•Road signs to prevent accidents•Zebra crossings should be put across the roads and should be respected•There should be signs and facilities to support people with disabilities for example slide ways along step stairs•Road infrastructures and signs should be well visible at night and during the rainy seasons•Waste water drainages should be large, covered and accessible for cleaning•The project constructor should not employ school children because it is against the law•Girls should not have sexual relationship with contraction workers because they will create unstable family and conflicts Identification of Environmental and Social ImpactsIdentification Methods for Project Impacts includes;a)Matrices (Activities-Environment Interactions); Interactions between the project activities and the environment were identified for each stage of the project, by using a matrix as indicated on chapter 6b)Focused Approach Impacts Mapping/Identification; This is a collaborative process of reflecting the reality along the proposed road’s sections in order to find implementable solutions/mitigations to avoid or reduce the impacts. Impacts mapping has been detailed on Chapter 6Potential identified impactsThe following are the potential impacts for the proposed projectConstruction phaseJob Creation and Increased Income to Local Communities: Most of the casual labourers and some skilled workforce will be recruited from around the project area and other nearby areas. In addition, the local people will be selling food and other merchandise to the construction workforce. For the activities that do not require a high specialization, utilization of local workmanship will take place. In any case, there will be diffusion of knowhow from the more qualified personnel towards the local personnel.Increased Water and Soil Pollution: Whichever construction method to be used, it anticipated that water sources and drainage structures crossing the project area shall be affected by small-scale and short-term water pollution. Accidental spillage of fuels from vehicles and construction equipment and materials may pollute both water and soil. The road development will require the creation of drainage channels in order to drain concentrated run-off from the road.Increased Vibration, Air and Noise pollution: The construction activities shall be associated with increase of vibration level generation of exhaust emission from the machines and vehicles as well as particulate matters generation from excavation activities and construction materials, all these if not properly managed shall cause disturbances to the surrounding community and raises of complains from the locals.Increased Possibility of Road Accidents: Increased traffic during construction and poor road safety measures like traffic control measures (where necessary) during construction and road safety awareness campaigns will result into unnecessary road accidents to people.Soil Erosion and Instability of Slopes: Construction works would accelerate erosion problems in most cut sections. However, all cuts in the sloping grounds will be refurbished firmly and provided with the vegetation cover to reduce the effect of soil erosion.Safety and Health Risks: Construction will expose labourers and the public in general to bronchial and other respiratory tract diseases. Also, poor use (or not using at all) of the safety gears during construction phase may result into loss of lives or injuries during construction. Furthermore, if there will be no proper sanitation practices at the camps, there might be increased incidence rates of water borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea.Increased Wastes: Construction activities are associated with wastes generation both solid waste and liquid waste. These wastes will be resulted from construction activities and domestic activities of the workers at the camp and site. The solid waste includes, spoil, rubbles, tree logs, metals, glasses, papers etc. while the liquid waste include sewage, oils etc. If not well handled, these wastes can change the aesthetic nature of the project area and can even lead to water pollution in case of improper disposal of oils. Loss of Vegetation: There shall be little land clearance to obtain the required area for the facilities will involve uprooting vegetation, which falls within the area as well as displacing huge masses of topsoil. This impact is has low significant since the existing alignments in the project area have few vegetation cover vegetation mainly grasses and trees Apart from that, the project road shall follow the existing alignments hence clearing of vegetation will be within the confined area.Likely incidences of Child Labour: Due to status of Songea Municipal to be in poverty, the proposed upgrading of roads section shall in high risk of employed the child particular for boys and girls younger than 18 years.Increased HIV/AIDS Infections and other STIs: The serious harm of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania population is well recognized. The construction phase workers are going to earn money and probably involve themselves into drinking irresponsibly subsequently to practice unprotected sex.Population influx; The construction of the proposed upgrading of roads infrastructures shall definitely be accompanied by in-migration of job seekers and opportunistic businesses and speculators. People from surrounding areas may move in the project areas to seek employments and business opportunities. This would also lead to an increased pressure and demand on social services.Operational phaseBenefits to Community Resulting from Employment: Pertaining to roads maintenance activities such as grass cutting, cleaning drainage culverts, etc during operation phase, there would likely be employment availability as well as some clerical/low level supervision jobs. Such employment would contribute to poverty reduction especially for women.Increased productivity of the Songea urban: The construction of the proposed roads will open up the short-cut road to the Dodoma town. The improved road surface condition will make the accessibility to be all year around hence increased number of urban activities. Improved Transport and Economy of the People: The proposed road upgrading will facilitate easy provision of goods and services in Songea urban by increasing and expanding the business network. Furthermore, construction of CBD roads will enhance the development of the proposed upgrading of Manzese A and B to modern market, which shall be served by such road for entry, and exit of agricultural goods.Increased Road Accidents: Road deaths, injuries and damage to property are most tangible negative impacts on the community environment and may be reduced or increased because of road projects. Increased traffic and speed driving will result into unnecessary road accidents. Since trucks and vehicles will mainly use the road, the main causes for accidents are reckless driving, defective vehicles, drunkenness and unqualified driversThe Project AlternativesNo project alternative: A no project alternative means the project will not be carried out in the area. This will affect the nearby community that would have being saved by the project. Also, the existing environment of the site to be developed will remain idle. The employments expected for community will not be there. Generally, the study findings (positives & negatives) on environmental, social and economic aspects will occur although mitigation measure and enhancement measure will be developed. The preferred project alternatives: The option of having the project carried out is the best alternative compared to other options. The preferred project option has been assessed to ascertain suitable site layout and project activities that will minimize environmental and social impact in the project area.Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) This plan describes the mitigation measures, responsible agents, monitoring parameters and frequency of their execution. The plan is proposed as one of measures to help rectify the significant impacts because of the road works project undertaking in Songea municipality. The environmental and social monitoring plans (ESMP) for this project will be operationalized at a number of levels of the project phases. It is based upon the anticipated impacts, required mitigation measures and degree of follow-up (monitoring) required. It is also advisable that, collaboration with different stakeholders at all levels in some aspects of the project is very important. However, the main responsibilities lie in the hand of the project proponent and contractorThe contractor shall be responsible for overall implementation of the ESMP and will establish an organizational structure with clearly defined lines of authority, areas of responsibility and accountability. Assigned staff at the site shall be responsible for day to day follow-ups (supervision and liaising with key stakeholders). The assigned staff’s primary responsibilities will be to ensure that all project activities comply with applicable environmental and social regulations and that ESMP commitments are honoured. The proponent shall ensure that qualified expertise is provided in a coordinated manner. To a considerable degree, contractor will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures but, in any case, the ultimate responsibility for ensuring that environmental and social protection elements are being carried out properly is of Songea Municipal Council.  Most of the predicted impacts can be reduced or avoided through the application of sound operation management practices.Monitoring and AuditingMonitoring shall begin at the start of the project and proceed throughout the construction period. Its purpose is to establish benchmarks so that the nature and magnitude of anticipated environmental and social impacts are continually assessed. Therefore, monitoring will involve the continuous or periodic review of mitigation activities to determine their effectiveness. Consequently, trends in environmental pollution or recovery can be established and previously unforeseen impacts can be identified and dealt with during the construction. The monitoring plan in this report specifies the type of monitoring; who will carry out monitoring and what other inputs such as training are necessaryCost Benefit Analysis The EIS presents an assessment of the project, in terms of negative impacts, compared to the socio-economic benefits that will not happen if the road project is not implemented in Songea Municipal. Environmental cost benefit analysis is assessed in terms of the negative versus positive impacts. The potential benefits of the project, in terms of financial and social benefit are substantial. Similarly, the environmental impacts can be reasonably mitigated and the financial resources needed to mitigate negative impacts, when compared to the required investment, are relatively smallSummary and ConclusionTACTIC ZONE “3” project in Songea municipal deal on the upgrading of CBD roads if properly implemented shall enhance the living stand of people and economic growth of the municipality at high level by providing both the strong social and economic stimulus with a multiplier effects in the municipality and region at large.The ESIA has been completed by describing the project’s characteristics and identifying impacts and proposing corresponding mitigation measures. Most of the project negative impacts can be mitigated to the acceptable level using the proposed mitigation measures. Constant (s) involvement of all parties including the project proponent, contractors and other relevant stakeholders of project is required to implement and monitor the mitigation measures. The contractor should engage a qualified Environmental, Health and Safety Officers to monitor the application and performance of the ESMP as well as dealing with all other environmental related issues that shall emerge during the project implementation. Therefore, based on these facts the company wishes to assure the government and all relevant stakeholders that the proposed environmental management and monitoring plan if appropriately implemented will safeguard the integrity of the environmentDuring project implementation, the Contractor will review the ESMP and ultimately develop the Site specific ESMP and Action Plan for implementation. During this stage all key stakeholders like the TARURA, Utilities authorities, Songea Municipal Council, local officials and local communities in general should be involved in the development and implementation of the site specific ESMP.

AcknowledgementThe Songea Municipal Council (The Proponent) wishes to convey heartfelt thanks and appreciation to all stakeholders who in one way or another supported the completion of this work. Special thanks to President’s Office – Regional Administration and Local Development (PO-RALG) for their inputs and collaborations. Also, the client would wish to express warm thanks to the different Government departments, ward, and Street leaders who facilitated the ESIA study team to obtain vital information necessary for this report. Lastly but not the least; much appreciations to the consultants team for the good job.

Study TeamThis Environmental Impact Assessment report has been prepared by:NAMEPOSITIONSIGNATUREEng. Nanai K NanaiEnvironmentalist and ESIA Team Leader Mr Concedo ConradEnvironmentalist and ESIA Assistant

Associate ExpertMr. Hamisi Mkoma                                                                                     Sociologist

 Table of ContentsReport Control FormError! Bookmark not defined.iiABBREVIATIONSxviii1.INTRODUCTION11.1Background11.2TACTIC Project’s Objectives11.3Subproject’s Objective11.4Requirements for an ESIA21.5Objective of ESIA21.6Scope of the Study31.7Methodology41.8Boundaries of the EIA Study42.PROJECT BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION62.1Overview62.2Project Location62.3Description of Proposed Urban Roads’ Subproject762.4Conditions of Existing Roads72.5Key Components of the Proposed Roads’ Subprojects72.6Road Classification82.7Proposed Road Design82.8Preliminary Drainage Design102.9Assessment of Existing Structures112.10Climate Change Adaptation Strategies112.11Land Acquisition122.12Project Schedule and Life122.13Estimated Project Cost122.14Project Cycle122.15Construction Material13142.16Power Supply for Projects152.17Labour Force152.18Storm Water Management152.19Security, Health and Safety163.POLICY, ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK16183.1Overview16183.2World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework17183.3The World Bank ESH Guidelines253.4National Policies25263.5National Development Strategies313.6Legal and Regulatory Framework323.7International Agreements, Conventions and Treaties48473.8Administrative Framework54534.ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE58574.1Overview58574.2Biophysical Environment59574.3Social Economic Environment77744.4Agriculture78754.5Employment78754.6Child Labour78754.7Gender Based Violence (GBV)78754.8Health Facilities79765.STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION80775.1Overview80775.2Objectives of Public Consultations and Engagement80775.3Subproject’s Levels of Public Engagement and Consultations80775.41st Round Stakeholders Engagement Methodology81785.5Public Participation Process81785.6Public Consultation and Engagement83805.7Concerning raised by stakeholder85825.8Summary of Issues Raised by Stakeholders95926.ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVE96936.1Overview96936.2Methodologies for Identification of Impacts96936.3Identification of Impacts96936.4Impacts Prediction & Evaluation1151136.5Impacts’ Description1191177.ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN1261257.1Overview1261257.2Objective and Components of the ESMP1261257.3Capacity Building & Training1261257.4Awareness and Education1271267.5Gender Based Violence and Sexual Exploitation Abuse/Sexual Harassment1271267.6ESMP Sub-Plans for the Project1411358.ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN1461408.1Introduction1461408.2Internal & External Monitoring and Auditing Programmes1461408.3Reporting Procedure1471419.COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS1501459.1Overview1501459.2Project Benefits1501459.3Project Cost1501459.4Discounting1511469.5Cost-Benefit Analysis Planning1511469.6Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis15214710.DECOMMISSIONING PLAN15314810.1Overview15314810.2Demolition Methods15314810.3Demolition Activities15314810.4Borrow Pits’ Decommissioning Activities15314810.5Impacts Associated with Decommissioning Activities15414910.6Mitigation Measures for Anticipated Impacts15414910.7Decommissioning Cost15414911.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION15515111.1Summary15515111.2Conclusion155151REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY156152List of Appendices157153

 List of TablesTable 2 1: Proposed Urban Roads for Upgradingin Songea Municipality7Table 2 2Design Standards to be followed8Table 2 3: Typical Road cross section8Table 4 1: Measurement Results7067Table 4 2:  Population Distribution by Ward, Songea Municipal Council, 2002 and the 2012 Censuses7774Table 5 1: Public Consultation Schedule at Songea Municipality8178Table 5 2: Stakeholders Concern8683Table 6 1: Concrete Actions on the Project Phases9693Table 6 2: Components and Factors of the Environment9794Table 6 3: Matrix 1; Identification of Impacts for Upgrading of 9.5km Urban Roads to Bitumen Standard in Songea Municipality -Planning & Mobilization Phase9996Table 6 4: Matrix 2; Identification of Impacts for Upgrading of  9.5km Urban Roads to Bitumen Standard in Songea Municipality -Construction Phase10097Table 6 5 Matrix 3; Identification of Impacts for Upgrading of  9.5km Urban Roads to Bitumen Standard in Songea Municipality - Operation, Maintenance and decommission  Phase10198Table 6 6: Location / Source Based Impacts Identification102100Table 6 7: Impacts Integration115113Table 6 8: Impacts Methodology Table115114Table 6 9: Ranking of Overall Impact Score117115Table 6 10: Impacts Evaluation118116Table 7 1: Institution Responsibility129128Table 7 2: Environmental & Social Management Plan for Upgrading of Urban Roads (9.5km) to Bitumen Standard in Songea Municipality131130Table 8 1Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan for Upgrading of the CBD roads (9.5km) to Bitumen Standard at Songea Municipal148143List of FiguresFigure 2 1: Map Showing Proposed CBD Road Network to Be Upgraded in Songea.6Figure 4 1: Average Monthly Temperature in Songea.5958Figure 4 2: Temperature average over the reference period 1979-2005. This map is based on the EWEMBI dataset.5958Figure 4 3: Projected change in temperature for 2021-2040 compared to the reference period 1979-2005. Here the ensemble mean of regional climate model projections is displayed. Grid-cells for which a model-disagreement is found are coloured in grey. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6058Figure 4 4: Regional climate model projections for temperature displayed as 20 year running mean. The line represents the ensemble mean while the shaded area represents the model spread. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6059Figure 4 5: Top: Annual cycle of temperature for the period 1979-2005. Bottom: Changes in annual cycle projected for 2021-2040 compared to the reference period 1979-2005. EWEMBI data is shown in black, regional climate model simulations in green. The green line represents the ensemble mean while the shaded area represents the model spread. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6059Figure 4 6: Hot extremes (TXx) average over the reference period 1979-2005. This map is based on the EWEMBI dataset.6159Figure 4 7: Projected change in hot extremes (TXx) for 2021-2040 compared to the reference period 1979-2005. Here the ensemble mean of regional climate model projections is displayed. Grid-cells for which a model-disagreement is found are colored in grey. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6160Figure 4 8: Regional climate model projections for hot extremes (TXx) displayed as 20 year running mean. The line represents the ensemble mean while the shaded area represents the model spread. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6160Figure 4 9: Top: Annual cycle of hot extremes (TXx) for the period 1979-2005. Bottom: Changes in annual cycle projected for 2021-2040 compared to the reference period 1979-2005. EWEMBI data is shown in black, regional climate model simulations in green. The green line represents the ensemble mean while the shaded area represents the model spread. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6260Figure 4 10: Average Monthly Rainfall in Songea6261Figure 4 11: Precipitation sum over the reference period 1979-2005. This map is based on the EWEMBI dataset.6361Figure 4 12: Projected change in precipitation for 2021-2040 compared to the reference period 1979-2005. Here the ensemble mean of regional climate model projections is displayed. Grid-cells for which a model-disagreement is found are coloured in grey. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6362Figure 4 13: Regional climate model projections for precipitation displayed as 20 year running mean. The line represents the ensemble mean while the shaded area represents the model spread. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6362Figure 4 14: Top: Annual cycle of precipitation for the period 1979-2005. Bottom: Changes in annual cycle projected for 2021-2040 compared to the reference period 1979-2005. EWEMBI data is shown in black, regional climate model simulations in green. The green line represents the ensemble mean while the shaded area represents the model spread. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6462Figure 4 15: Wet extremes (RX1day) average over the reference period 1979-2005. This map is based on the EWEMBI dataset.6463Figure 4 16: Projected change in wet extremes (RX1day) for 2021-2040 compared to the reference period 1979-2005. Here the ensemble mean of regional climate model projections is displayed. Grid-cells for which a model-disagreement is found are coloured in grey. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6563Figure 4 17: Regional climate model projections for wet extremes (RX1day) displayed as 20 year running mean. The line represents the ensemble mean while the shaded area represents the model spread. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6563Figure 4 18:Top: Annual cycle of wet extremes (RX1day) for the period 1979-2005. Bottom: Changes in annual cycle projected for 2021-2040 compared to the reference period 1979-2005. EWEMBI data is shown in black, regional climate model simulations in green. The green line represents the ensemble mean while the shaded area represents the model spread. The projections are based on the emission scenario RCP4.5.6564Figure 4 19: Seismic Risk Map of Tanzania. Red Circled Area Is Ruvuma Region6664Figure 4 4 20: Average Wind Speed in Songea6765Figure 5 1: Group Interview8381Figure 5 2: Public meeting8481Figure 5 3: Stakeholder meeting with municipal authority8582

ABBREVIATIONSBOQ Bills of Quantity      CWIS Citywide Inclusive Sanitation       DMDP Dar es Salaam Metropolitan Development Project    ESIA     Environmental and Social Impact AssessmentESSEnvironmental and Social Standards HQ Head Quarters       I&ApsInterest and Affected PartiesLGA Local Government Authority      PO-RALGPresident’s Office Regional Administration and Local GovernmentRAP Resettlement Action PlanROW Right of Way      SOUWASA Songea Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority  TACTIC Tanzania Cities Transforming Infrastructure and Competitiveness    TANESCO Tanzania Electric Supply Company      TANROADS Tanzania National Roads Agency  TAREF11Tanzania Reference Framework 2011     TARURA Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency   TSCPTanzania Strategic Cities Project      TTCLTanzania Telecommunication Company Limited     ULGSPUrban Local Government Support ProgramUTMUniversal Transverse Mercator      VETAVocational Education and Training Authority    WBWord BankWGS84World Geodetic System 1984       1.INTRODUCTION1.1BackgroundThe Government of the United Republic of Tanzania through The President’s Office - Regional Administration and Local Development (PO-RALG) has received a credit from the Word Bank towards in implementing projects-financed Tanzania Cities Transforming Infrastructure and Competitiveness Project (TACTIC), which will be, implemented through the President’s Office - Regional Administration and Local Development (PO-RALG).NORPLAN Tanzania Ltd in Joint Venture with TYPSA in association with URBAN SOLUTION LTD was awarded the contract by PO-RALG to conduct; Feasibility Study, Urban Design, Detailed Engineering Design, Environmental and Social Due Diligence, Preparation of Cost Estimates and Bidding Documents for Urban Infrastructure Investments for Songea Municipal Council. Songea is among four (4) Municipalities under TACTIC-Zone 3; others include Sumbawanga. Morogoro and Mbeya.The good road network for the transportation of goods and passengers within the Municipality shall contribute to the social and economic development. Roadwork under TACTIC project Zone “3” in Songea Municipal shall involve the Upgrading the 9.5km urban roads to Bitumen standard. Upgrading of the roads will facilitate in improvement of infrastructures in Songea Municipality, enhance connectivity with other roads, increase accessibility to schools, public facilities and businesses at Songea urban area which is currently hampered by poor roads conditions especially during the rainy seasons. Implementation of selected urban roads shall facilitate safer and timely movement of the people and vehicles from their destinations to various areas within the Municipality. In order to upgrade the proposed sub-projects, PO-RALG commissioned Norplan Tanzania Ltd to undertake the detailed engineering designs for the envisaged upgrading works, including carrying out of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed roads’ subproject. 1.2TACTIC Project’s ObjectivesThe objective of the proposed TACTIC project is to strengthen urban management performance and deliver improved basic infrastructure and services in participating urban local government authorities. At its core, the project aims to promote economic development of Tanzania’s cities and towns and its enabling infrastructure. Investments and technical assistance under the project are intended to promote urban development that is productive, inclusive and resilient. The project will support 45 urban Local Government Associations (LGAs) spread geographically across all regions of Tanzania, ranging in population from 26,402 to 416,442 (2012), divided into three tiers based on population and growth rate.

1.3Subproject’s Objective The objective urban infrastructure upgrading “Roads” is to increase percentage of good roads within the Municipality roads’ network which seeks to ensure a balanced distribution of economic resources for total socio-economic growth within Songea Municipality.

Figure 1-1:  A map of Tanzania cities under TACTIC1.4Requirements for an ESIAAccording to the guidelines by the Environment Management Act (EMA, 2004), Part IV of the EIA Regulations GN No. 349, this Project falls under the list of projects requiring EIA pursuant to the First Schedule made under Regulation 6(1) of the Environmental Management (Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit) (Amendment) Regulations, 2018 and shall be read as one with the Environment Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005.In terms of the EIA and Audit Regulations, 2005 read together with amendments of 2018. The proposed Urban Roads’ sections (15km) falls into “Type A” projects which are mandatory to ESIA, under section 9 “TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE” subsection (a) construction and/or expansion of trunk roads. Also, the World Bank requires that all environmental and social risks and impacts of the project be addressed as part of the environmental and social assessment conducted in accordance with ESS1 – Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts. ESS2–10 set out the obligations of the Borrower in identifying and addressing environmental and social risks and impacts that may require particular attention.1.5Objective of ESIA The objectives of carrying out ESIA study were to identify, predict and assess both positive and negative environmental and social impacts associated with the proposed subproject and propose mitigation measures to minimize the negative impacts and enhance the positive ones. The assessment made use of data and information on the physical, biological and socio-economic features to predict both negative and positive impacts of the project, to design mitigation measures of the adverse impacts, as well as to plan the monitoring of potential changes that may arise in the course of implementing the project. Part IV of the EIA Regulations G.N. No. 349 of 2005 provides the objectives for carrying EIA, among others the list comprises the following:

•To address and incorporate environmental considerations into the decision-making process;•To anticipate and avoid, minimise or offset the adverse significant biophysical, social and relevant effects of developmental proposal;•To protect the productivity and capacity of natural systems and ecological processes which maintain their functions;•To promote sustainable development and optimises resources use and management opportunities;•To establish and assess impacts that are likely to affect the environment before a decision is made to authorise the project;•To propose mitigation and socio-management procedures aimed at managing the proposed mitigation of the identified potential impacts that will form part of the overall EMP for the proposed project;•To enable information exchange, notification and consultations between stakeholders. Consequently, Division of Environment undertook Environmental Assessment so as to decipher the principles of sustainable development and environmental protection into strategies and actions that can be applied in the proposed project

1.6Scope of the Study The Consultant was required to conduct environmental and social impact assessment for the proposed upgrading of urban roads subproject. To review all available and relevant documents, maps, previous studies if any, and conduct the environmental and social impact assessment study, field visit and investigations, public consultations and other related works to meet the stated objectives. The assignment encompassed development of a comprehensive ESIA study which includes ESMP to be implemented by the contractor during the subprojects’ implementation.The consultant was also required to prepare the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Upgrading of urban with the most recent and accurate information on the:iii.Proposed resettlement and its impacts on displaced persons and other adversely affected groups; andiv.Legal issues affecting resettlement.The ESIA study was carried out in accordance with ToRs (Appendix I) that is in accordance with the requirements of the applicable national legislations and World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework (ESF).The Environmental Impact Assessment has been conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Environment Management Act No.20 of 2004 and Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations of 2005 and the Amendments of 2018. Other important legal provisions providing guidance on environmental issues pertaining to road sector, such as the Road Act (2007), Environmental Code of Practice for Road works (2008), and Environmental Assessment and Management  Guidelines  in  the  Road  Sector  (2004)  have  been  used  in  the undertaking of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. This report presents the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed upgrading of 9.5km roads’ sections in Songea Municipality1.7MethodologyThe methodology employed in conducting the study is in line with the Environment Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, GN No.349 of 2005 as amended in 2018. The study was undertaken based on the checklists developed by NORPLAN Limited for guiding ESIA for roads projects.A multi-disciplinary team of experienced environmentalist, social and RAP expert was assembled to carry out the required resource assessment, generation of baseline data, determination of potential impacts and recommendation of mitigation measures. An interactive approach among the environmental team members and other project professionals was adopted.1.7.1ChecklistThe team utilized the checklist for data gathering, analysis, and presentation whereby team members conducted the field investigation to determine the critical elements for analysis and the issues to be highlighted for the design and planning process. Methodology for conducting ESIA study used primary field data collection and secondary information. Information was collected through physical observation, interviews and meetings. Physical observation entails observation of natural environmental and social aspects such as landscape, vegetation, soils, water collection points, agricultural lands etc.1.7.1.1ConsultationsConsultations through meetings and interviews with major stakeholders were conducted at Mtaa/street, ward, district and regional levels with key informants including community leaders and local people. Interviews and meetings provided an opportunity to learn and share the salient information with stakeholders about the project. The consultation process has been described on chapter 5

1.7.1.2Document ReviewReviews of additional information were done. This included review of the international policies, conventions and guidelines, policies, legislation, strategies and World Bank’s ESF. Documents reviw included: feasibility study report, Songea Social-Economic Profile e.t.c1.7.1.3Physical observation  Study team was visiting the subproject area between December 27th, 2021 and January 4th, 2022 to conduct the physical assessment on biological and social environment such as vegetation cover, settlement patterns, land use activities and accessibility to site and social services in the area.

1.7.1.4Assumptions of the Study The study assumes that the respondents provided information that are reliable on the implementation of the proposed subproject;The study assumes that the Design Team has incorporated ESIA mitigations into the roads’ designs; andThe study also assumes that the project contractor will fully adhere to ESMP

1.8Boundaries of the EIA StudyThe study has considered two critical impact zones that define the special boundaries of the project, these are;The core impact zone - include the area immediately bordering the project considered to be 100m width from the centre line of each proposed road.The zone of influence - which includes the wider geographical area within Songea Municipal Council

1.9Report Structure This report is organized in eleven chapters as described below;Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter provides the general overview of the project including how the project background and justification, objectives and scope of the study and methodology used for conducting the study.

Chapter 2: Project Description: This chapter details the project components and further outlines activities and materials used in all phases of the project i.e. (mobilization, construction and operation and decommissioning).

Chapter 3: Policy, Legal & Institutional Framework: This chapter provides details of important policies, acts and regulations that govern the project.

Chapter 4: Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions: This chapter elaborates the project influence area and boundaries. It also describes the baseline / existing conditions of the study area.

Chapter 5: Stakeholders Identification and Analysis: Chapter five explains how the stakeholders were involved during the ESIA process and presents their  concerns regarding the project.

Chapter 6: Identification and Assessment of Impacts and Project Alternatives Identification: This chapter discusses environmental and social impacts associated with the project analyzed according to impacts significance as well as alternative projects that are more suitable to the proposed one while serving the same purpose.

Chapter 7: Environmental & Social Management Plan: The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) presents how the identified impacts during all project phases will be managed to avoid, minimize or offset any adverse significant impacts of the proposed development.

Chapter8: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan elaborates how the implementation of the ESMP will be monitored throughout the phases of the project. It is a plan to monitor the efficiency of the proposed project mitigation measures.

Chapter 9: Cost Benefit Analysis: In this chapter, the Environmental cost benefit analysis is assessed in terms of the negative versus positive impacts. The potential benefits of the project, in terms of financial and social benefit are substantial.

Chapter 10 Decommissioning: This chapter presents the activities involved when the proposed project is no longer operational and potential impacts to be managed.

Chapter 11: Summary and ConclusionsIn addition, the report presents references and appendices that are attached herein 2.PROJECT BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION2.1Overview This section of the report presents the subproject’s current situation and and description of stage-by-stage of the proposed subproject components, activities and logistics. As for this time, it is expected that activities for the roads’ subproject shall be carried out in four (4) stages i.e., Designing, Construction, Operation and Decommissioning. Description of the various project components is provided in the subsequent sections. During physical observation of the proposed project site; it is observed that the project site is not within or near the sensitive ecosystem/areas   (e.g., water bodies, protected areas, schools, public utilities)

2.2Project LocationSongea Municipal Council is one of the 8 Ruvuma Regional Councils. The council has 616.36 square kilometers equivalent to 0.9 percent of the area of Ruvuma Region. Administratively, Songea Municipal Council has a total of 95 mitaa, 21 Wards and 2 Divisions. The Council has a total of 28 esteemed councilors, of whom 21 are elected, 7 are Special Seat representatives. The council has one constituency. The proposed roads located within Misufini ward, Mfaranyaki ward, Matarawe ward and Mjini ward in Songea municipal, Ruvuma Region. The proposed project’s coordinates are 10 41’S Latitudes and 35 39’ E Longitudes

 Figure 2 1: Map Showing Proposed CBD Road Network to Be Upgraded in Songea. Source: field data December 2021

2.3Description of Proposed Urban Roads’ SubprojectCurrently all roads are earth roads comprising 7.3 kilometres except for Kilimomseto – Mjimwema – Lizaboni Road which cover 2.2 kilometers which is of bitumen standard. However, it has cracks and many potholes. Roads’ side drains have malfunctioned require attention.  These proposed urban roads for upgrading are connecting 3 wards within the Municipality as shown in table 2-1 below.

Table 2 1: Proposed Urban Roads for Upgradingin Songea MunicipalitySNRoad NameWard Distance Covered1Sousa Tunduru Bus Stand Road Mjimwema0.8 km2Majimaji Stadium-SabenaMsufini0.3 km3Mpangwa-Soni-TAG Msufini0.3 km4Regional Mosque-Kalembo Msufini0.3 km5Manyara-TAG Mjini0.3 km6Mission-garage-Kalembo Mjini0.4 km7Kaboma-Kalembo Mjini0.3km8Manzese A-Kalembo Msufini0.4 km9TPB-Sabato Church Mjimwema0.3 km10Kisiwa-Lamshaba Mjini0.45 km11Msikitini-Policequarter Msufini0.12 km12Majengo P/S-Mchekanae Mjini0.52 km13Osaka-Kisumapai Msufini0.5 km14Shinyanga Annex-CCM Mjini0.33km15Matomondo-Buhemba2 Mjini0.35 km16Liganga-Magengeni Mjini0.53 km17Madamba-Magengeni Mjini0.58 km18Kapungu road Mjini0.53 km19Kilimomseto-Mjimwema-Lizaboni MjimwemaMataraweMjini2.2 km20Namanga-Manzese Msufini0.3 kmSource: field data December 2021

2.4Conditions of Existing RoadsGenerally, the proposed roads were on moderate condition which can be passable but there were challenges during the rainy seasonal such as over fall by storm water, road erosion and extreme slippery. Mostly of proposed roads have narrow carriage way with no side drains. Within the RoWs of proposed roads there are other infrastructures such as TANESCO distribution poles, TTCL distribution poles, SOUWASA pipelines and Television cables.

2.5Key Components of the Proposed Roads’ Subprojects A summary of the key components of the proposed roads’ subproject is described below. It should be noted at the outset that the exact specifications of the proposed subproject’s components will be determined during the detailed engineering design phase.Carriage WayShouldersPedestrian WalkwaysStorm water DrainsBridgesOutlet DitchesSide DitchesRoad Side Parking LotsCulvertsT/Y JunctionsBus BaysRoad Signs and Crossings Road LightsConstruction camps and any other supporting infrastructure

2.6Road ClassificationReferring to IRC:69-1977 of space standard for roads in urban areas. The roads at urban area are classified into express ways, arterial streets, Sub-arterial Street, collector streets and Local Street. Upgrading of these CBD roads project may lay on some of classification mention above. The road will be upgraded from gravel road to bituminous standards and combined with the above road classification; the project road is classified as a Trunk Road.  Thus, the minimum design criteria for the road are as follows:Carriageway width: 6.5 m two wayCarriageway width: 6.0 m two lanesShoulder width: 1.5 m

2.7Proposed Road Design2.7.1Road Design and ClassificationThe Project shall be designed to meet the requirements of applicable International and Tanzania road design standards, guidelines and regulations. To mention few these are as listed

Table 2 2Design Standards to be followed1Geometric design MoW Road Geometric Design Manual of 2011, Code of practice for Geometric Design (Draft) published by SATTC –TU, 19982Pavement and MaterialsMoW Pavement and Materials Design Manual, 19993SpecificationsMoW Standard Specifications for Road Works4Testing ProcedureMoW Central Materials Laboratory testing Manual5StructuresBritish Standards BS 54006Hydrology and HydraulicsTRRL East African Flood Model7SurveyingLand Survey and Mapping Standards of Tanzania (Land Surveying Regulations CAP 390)

2.7.2Typical Cross-SectionThe typical cross section that was used in the design is illustrated in drawings attached in separate book of drawings. The cross section is in line with the specifications from b